1. Name Of The Medicinal Product
Temgesic Injection 1ml
2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition
Buprenorphine hydrochloride 324 µg/ml, equivalent to 300 µg buprenorphine base.
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Terminally sterilised solution for injection.
4. Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
As a strong analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe pain.
4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration
Administration by i.m. or slow i.v. injection.
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There is no evidence that dosage need be modified for the elderly.
Temgesic Injection may be employed in balanced anaesthetic techniques as a pre-medication at a dose of 300 micrograms 1.m., or as an analgesic supplement at doses of 300 to 450 micrograms i.v.
4.3 Contraindications
Not to be given to patients who are know to be allergic to Temgesic or other opiates.
Hypersensitivity to any of the constituents.
4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use
Temgesic occasionally causes significant respiratory depression and, as with the other strong centrally acting analgesics, care should be taken when treating patients with impaired respiratory function or patients who are receiving drugs which can cause respiratory depression.
Although volunteer studies have indicated that opiate antagonists may not fully reverse the effects of Temgesic, clinical experience has shown that Naloxone may be of benefit in reversing a reduced respiratory rate. Respiratory stimulants such as Doxapram are also effective. The intensity and duration of action may be affected in patients with impaired liver failure.
Controlled human and animal studies indicate that buprenorphine has a substantially lower dependence liability than pure agonist analgesics. In patients abusing opioids in moderate doses substitution with buprenorphine may prevent withdrawal symptoms. In man limited euphorigenic effects have been observed. This has resulted in some abuse of the products and caution should be exercised when prescribing it to patients known to have, or suspected of having, problems with drug abuse.
Diversion:
Diversion of Temgesic has been reported. Diversion refers to the introduction of buprenorphine into the illicit market either by patients or by individuals who obtain the medicinal product through theft from patients or pharmacies. The diversion may lead to new addicts using buprenorphine as the primary drug of abuse, with the risks of overdose, spread of blood borne viral infections and respiratory depression.
Athletes must be aware that this medicine may cause a positive reaction to 'anti-doping' tests.
4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction
There is no evidence to indicate that therapeutic doses of buprenorphine do not reduce the analgesic efficacy or standard doses of an opioid and that when buprenorphine is employed within the normal therapeutic range, standard doses of opioid agonist may be administered before the effects of the former have ended without compromising analgesia. However, in individuals on high doses of opioids buprenorphine may precipitate abstinence effects due to its properties as a partial agonist.
Temgesic may cause some drowsiness which may be potentiated by other centrally acting agents, including alcohol, tranquillisers, sedatives and hypnotics. Temgesic should be used with caution in patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, although animal studies have given no evidence of interactions.
Although interaction studies have not yet been performed, since the drug is metabolised by CYP3A4 (see section 5.2 pharmacokinetic properties), it is expected that gestodene, troleandomycin, ketoconazoles, norfluoxetine, ritonavir, indinavir and saquinavir inhibit its metabolism. Alternatively, inducers of this enzyme such as Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin and rifampicin may reduce the levels of the drug. Since the magnitude of an inducing or inhibitory effect is unknown, such drug combinations should be avoided.
Temgesic has no know effects on diagnostic laboratory tests.
4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation
Temgesic is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Animal studies indicate that the amounts of buprenorphine excreted in milk are very low and in human use are likely to be of clinical significance to the baby.
There is indirect evidence in animal studies to suggest that Temgesic may cause a reduction in milk flow during lactation. Although this occurred only at doses well in excess of the human dose, it should be borne in mind when treating lactation women.
4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines
Ambulant patients should be warned not to drive or operate machinery until they are certain they can tolerate Temgesic.
4.8 Undesirable Effects
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating and drowsiness have been reported and may be more frequent in ambulant patients. Hallucinations and other psychotomimetic effects have occurred although more rarely than with the other agonists/antagonists. Elderly patients would be expected to be more susceptible to these effects. Hypotension leading to syncope may occur. Rashes, headache, urinary retention and blurring of vision have occasionally been reported. Rarely, a serious allergic reaction may occur following a single dose. Temgesic occasionally causes significant respiratory depression (see section 4.4, Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).
Cases of bronchospasm, angioneurotic oedema and anaphylactic shock have also been reported.
During use of buprenorphine as substitution treatment the following adverse reactions have also been observed: hepatic necrosis and hepatitis.
4.9 Overdose
Supportive measures should be instituted and if appropriate Naloxone or respiratory stimulants can be used. The expected symptoms of overdose would be drowsiness, nausea and vomiting; marked miosis may occur.
5. Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
Buprenorphine is a µg (mu) opioid partial agonist and k (kappa) antagonist. It is a strong analgesic of the partial agonist (mixed agonist (antagonist) class.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Buprenorphine is readily available by i.v. or i.m. routes; the relative bioavailability i.m. to i.v. was 1.07. Peak plasma levels are achieved within a few minutes of i.m. administration and after 10 minutes are not significantly different from those observed after the same dose given i.v.
Buprenorphine is oxidatively metabolised by 14-N-dealkylation to N-desalkyl-buprenorphine (also known as norburenorphine) via cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and by glucuroconjungation of the parent molecule and the dealkylated metabolite. Norbuprenorphine is a µg (mu) agonist with weak intrinsic activity.
Elimination of buprenorphine is bi- or tri exponential, with a long terminal elimination phase 20 to 25 hours, due in part to reabsorption of buprenorphine after intestinal hydrolysis of the conjugated derivative, and in part to the highly lipophilic nature of the molecule.
Buprenorphine is essentially eliminated in the faeces by biliary excretion of the glucuroconjugated metabolites (80 %), the rest being eliminated in the urine.
5.3 Preclinical Safety Data
No preclinical findings of relevance to the prescriber have been reported.
6. Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List Of Excipients
Dextrose anhydrous parenteral
Hydrochloric acid
Water for injections
6.2 Incompatibilities
None stated.
6.3 Shelf Life
Five years
6.4 Special Precautions For Storage
The product, through stable, should be kept cool and protected from light.
6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container
Sealed Type 1 glass ampoules. Pack size: five ampoules.
6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling
Administration by i.m. or slow i.v. injection.
7. Marketing Authorisation Holder
RB Pharmaceuticals Ltd
103 – 105 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire
SL1 3UH
8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)
PL 36699/0006
9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation
July 2007
10. Date Of Revision Of The Text
29th September 2010
11. LEGAL CATEGORY
CD (Sch 3), POM
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